ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE VARIABILITY ON KAMUZU DAM II

Climate variability poses significant challenges to water resources, particularly in developing regions like Malawi, where dams such as Kamuzu Dam II are critical for running water supply. This study assesses the impact of climate variability on Kamuzu Dam II by analyzing historical trends in rainfall, temperature and dam volumes from 1990 to 2023.Using quantitative methods, including Mann-Kendall trend tests and Pearson correlation analysis, the research evaluates the relationships between climatic variables and dam volumes.
The results indicate no statistically significant trends in rainfall (p = 0.350), maximum temperature (p = 0.216), or dam volumes (p = 0.128). However, polynomial regression reveals nonlinear patterns, such as increasing maximum temperatures (26°C to 28.5°C) and volatile dam volumes, particularly during extreme events like the 2015–2016 El Niño drought (Government of Malawi, 2016). Weak correlations between rainfall and dam volumes (r = -0.124) and temperature and volumes (r = 0.012) suggest the influence of non-climatic factors, such as sedimentation and land-use changes (Mulwafu & Mwendera, 2019; IPCC, 2021).
The study underscores the vulnerability of Kamuzu Dam II to climate extremes and recommends adaptive strategies, including enhanced water conservation, sediment control, and diversified water sources, to ensure sustainable water management and most importantly, further research on this topic. These findings contribute to localized climate adaptation planning and highlight the need for further research on nonlinear climate-water dynamics in Malawi.

This study assesses the impact of climate variability on Kamuzu Dam II by analyzing historical trends in rainfall, temperature and dam volumes from 1990 to 2023.Using quantitative methods, including Mann-Kendall trend tests and Pearson correlation analysis, the research evaluates the relationships between climatic variables and dam volumes. However, polynomial regression reveals nonlinear patterns, such as increasing maximum temperatures (26°C to 28.5°C) and volatile dam volumes, particularly during extreme events like the 2015–2016 El Niño drought (Government of Malawi, 2016). Weak correlations between rainfall and dam volumes (r = -0.124) and temperature and volumes (r = 0.012) suggest the influence of non-climatic factors, such as sedimentation and land-use changes (Mulwafu & Mwendera, 2019; IPCC, 2021). The study underscores the vulnerability of Kamuzu Dam II to climate extremes and recommends adaptive strategies, including enhanced water conservation, sediment control, and diversified water sources, to ensure sustainable water management and most importantly, further research on this topic.

This study was conducted at Kamuzu Dam II in Lilongwe. This dam is one of the two dams located along the Lilongwe River owned by the LWB. The dam is located at Traditional Authority Masumbankhunda, in Lilongwe. The dam is approximately 25 km southwest of Lilongwe city in Malawi Invalid source specified. The dam on Lilongwe River is fed by the network of rivers in the Dzalanyama catchment area. Below is a map of the study area.

Traditional authority: TA Kalolo

District: Lilongwe

Coordinates: -14.03005, 33.41015