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Climate change due to emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) is one of many serious global environmental problems. Scientific evidence suggests that a continued increase in the atmospheric concentration of carbon …

The transportation of petroleum products via road networks plays a vital role in meeting global energy demands. However, this mode of transportation poses inherent risks to human life, the environment, …

Natural disasters occur frequently around the world, and their frequency and intensity seem to be increasing in recent years. The disasters such as cyclones and Floods often cause a significant …

In the face of escalating environmental challenges, the changes in land use and land cover emerges as a persistent threat, profoundly impacting the stability of natural water systems. This study …

it is evident that while disinfection increase the drinking water quality, by end of the day some disinfection by products are formed which are toxic to humans. Some of the …

Malawi is highly vulnerable to the impacts of extreme weather events given its location along the great African Rift Valley, rapid population growth, unsustainable urbanization, climate variability and change, and …

Rivers provide several ecosystem services that support human beings as well as a variety of plants and animal species from all sources, including terrestrial, marine, and other aquatic ecosystems. However, …

Solid waste management is a serious problem in the urban areas because of industrialization, urbanization and population growth. This is the same case for Lilongwe. The main objective of this …

In the mining industry, most attention is focused on the large-scale sector, but in developing countries like Malawi, minerals are mainly extracted by the artisanal and small-scale sector. This means …

Climate change is a global phenomenon. Its impact on agricultural activities in the developing countries has been increasing. Decreasing precipitation levels results into droughts which depresses crop yields. This is …

Malawi is water scarce country in terms of quality with maximum rainfall received in the summer season which lasts for only three months (November, December and January); hence the water …

Heavy metals are metals with high densities and atomic weights. Heavy metal contamination in water systems is a severe concern all over the world, particularly in locations where anthropogenic pressures …