ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF METEOROLOGICAL DROUGHT ON MAIZE PRODUCTION, HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY AND COPING STRATEGIES IN MULANJE DISTRICT

This study examined the impact of meteorological drought on maize availability and household food security in Mulanje District, Malawi, where rain-fed agriculture remains the main source of livelihood. The purpose of the research was to assess how variations in rainfall patterns influence maize production and consequently affect household food security. A mixed-methods research design was employed, combining quantitative and qualitative approaches to provide a comprehensive understanding of the problem. Quantitative data were collected through structured household questionnaires administered to 150 smallholder farmers, while qualitative data were obtained through key informant interviews and focus group discussions with farmers, community leaders, and agricultural extension officers. Secondary data on rainfall and temperature patterns were sourced from the Malawi Meteorological Service, and agricultural production data were obtained from the Ministry of Agriculture. Quantitative data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), while qualitative data were analysed thematically. The findings revealed that frequent and prolonged drought conditions significantly reduced maize yields, leading to decreased food availability and increased household food insecurity, with many households adopting coping strategies such as reducing meal frequency and relying on external assistance. The study concludes that meteorological drought is a major driver of food insecurity in Mulanje District and highlights the urgent need for interventions. The study recommends the promotion of drought tolerant crop varieties, improved access to climate information, strengthening of early warning systems, and the implementation of sustainable agricultural practices to enhance resilience among smallholder farmers.